Key Points of the Book “ Critical Discourse Analysis” by Terry Locke

1. Abstract:

The present study aims to present a critical review of a book Critical Discourse Analysis by a discourse analyst Terry Locke. Discourse is a major branch of analysis and critical applied linguistics. The study proposes to critically analyse the important ideas underlying the theoretical framework of this book. In addition, it will examine an analytical point that the author has contacted the CDA. The primary focus will be on analysing the key proposed analysts, the key discourse analysts have introduced and the analysis conducted to reinforce practical samples and key ideas related to critical discourse.

2. Introduction:

The book Critical Discourse Analysis by Terry Locke is an important book in the field of discussion analysis. It is a short book, but compact and concise in presenting the author's view of CDA, rather it has become a milestone in the study of discourse by giving CDA a new perspective. The book is divided into six chapters, starting with the introduction of CDA for the final analysis of spoken and written discourse in print media. The basic idea of the book is how ideologies are constructed in the very structure of texts, how meanings are decoded from the 'opaque structures' of texts (2005pg: 89) as in the author's words, and in particular The role of context in social context and the cultural perspectives involved in determining context. The author is analytical and reasoning in his approach and use of jargon and terminology related to the particular discipline.

3. Presentation of Key Ideas and Analysis of Book:

3.1. Close-up on Text :

The very first chapter 'A Close Up on Text' offers a basic idea about critical discussion analysis. According to Fairclough CDA's view, discourse as "by the colour of ideology and productive". Mediation through oral and non-verbal language systems (2005pg: 02). Substantive considerations are embedded in the structure of this chapter. An example of nine words written on the board is given to trigger the original talk about the creation of realities through discourse. Through this example, the concept of story making is introduced and then, finally, the concept of discourse as a story of thought making. 

Word formation is emphasized as it is an important term in discourse studies. The author himself states that "CDA .is anchors itself in a discourse, a way of constructing the process of making meaning" (2005pg: 06). The author is successful in explaining how discourse is an active relation to reality.

Locke, has very skilfully set the genre and stage for the introduction of CDA in the introductory chapter. In addition, key terms such as intertextuality, positioning theory, interpolation, and construction have all been introduced. This chapter serves as the thesis statement for the remaining parts of this book.

3.2. Language, Discourse and Context :

In the next chapter, 'Language, Discourse and Context' focuses majorly on the role conceptual representation as reality reflected by the notion of the text "it is a perception" in giving a social aspect to the language and language of discourse in the shift posturing in discourse. In the new perspective, meaning has emerged as culturally and socially constructed. Flares talks about the interrelationship between interpretation and analysis. Many meanings have also been talked about because they are generated differently by different readers according to their perception of the texts as they say: "The literal meaning becomes many and therefore indefinite" (2005pg: 13) .

According to him the texts have their place in the social system of signs (2005pg: 14). In addition, the dominant discourse analyst and his key ideas have been emphasized. In this context to mention is Bakhtin who emphasized a clear aspect of pronunciation and utterance (utterance). In the same way. The author presents his framework… mode, tenor, and mode of discourse in terms of the functional use and position of language as discourse with the original focus as oral expression (2005pg: 28). It is the construction of texts and language that is the major concern of the author in this chapter.

To this end, the differing definitions of texts proposed by Halliday and Hassan are ‘a form of exchange of text as dialogue in nature (2005pg: 14) and a Bakhtin focus on language in use. According to my point of view, the author's approach is analytical and argumentative.

3.3. Making Discourse Analysis Critical :

This chapter focuses on the interpretation of the key word in various perspectives. Here, the CDA eventually emerges as replicas of systems of class, race, and gender as a study of certain privilege groups under power. The author has also talked about various schools of researchers associated with CDA. In Locke's words, itself must be understood as "a distance to critical data, a socially social stance explicitly embedding data" (2005pg: 26).

 In addition, he has also discussed the term critical in three dimensions. Critical practice as revelation, critical practice as self-reflective, and socially transformative. The meaning of the word Critical is also discussed in the Foucauldian Archaeological Method. The definition of ideology by Althusser as his presentation of "perception" as "ideological state apparatus" and by James G. as definition "I mean ideology as social theory, in which generalizations about the ways of the distribution of goods in society ( Faithism) is included (2005pg): 33).

 Furthermore, reading acts in the context of CDA promote the idea of post structuralism. Originally, the author's style in this chapter is argumentative, evaluative, and detailed. The author's main focus is to explain how power relations are produced and maintained by discourses. Furthermore, a coherent link in the views of the author can be located in this chapter.

3.4. The Question of Metalanguage in CDA:

It is just one step ahead from the CDA perspective. The proper dimensions of discourse are here served as a framework. Sociocultural practice, discourse practice, and text. It is followed by the systemic functional model of Holiday's grammar as it is important to understand the application of CDA according to the author. Holiday distinguished three metaphors of language: conceptual, interpersonal, and functional. In terms of context, his tenure, mode, and his modal of territory are given by him, but to be found in his formal amalgamation of Fairclough's ideas.

Detailed analysis of the practical implications of CDA is mentioned by the author. His approach is unbiased and scholarly as he considers references from various sources and expert discourse analysts. There is also a harmonious relationship to consider in your presentation of ideas.

3.5. Analysing A Print Text:

In this chapter, Terry Locke presents an analysis of print text, called print media, with a particular focus on language in use, the ways in which it is socially constructed and the social impact on readers. Let's put it. In this regard, a newspaper editorial of the Newland Herald, 'A Mantle of Approach', was taken to present a textual analysis aimed at detecting drop out rates (educational non-achievement) at the Meroi School in Northland. Various factors like unemployment rate, black market economy etc. are analysed to talk about this drop out rate. Furthermore, the point to note is that racist discourses cannot be divorced from the print media.

In addition, the author analysed the editorial by printing the modal (heading) offered by Gee as the proceeded exposition, Discourse Organization, Reformulation Signals and Thematic Organization. In Terry's words, "As Ge points out, context is not a contextual one, but is constructed in the act of textual engagement." (2005 page: 59). It is a very powerful point to throw light on the actions taken by the analyser to create. His basic idea in the later part of this chapter is to focus on 'reciprocity and intertextuality in the construction of the text'. In this regard van Dijk (1991) is cited to substantiate his argument, that "mass media have exclusive control over a largely symbolic resource for building popular consensus, particularly in the area of ethnic relations." (2005pg: 69).

On analysing critically it can be argued that in this chapter the author has taken an authentic material from the newspaper to talk about ideologies, that is, an ideological content to talk about ideologies. Cultural aspect. Very efficiently, he has talked about the issues and factors related to the drop out case.

3.6. Analysing Oral Texts :

A different approach to CDA is approached here. This chapter is also analytical like the previous one. Shift is a particular analysis of interactions from writing to specifically focusing on 'prosodic' and 'paralistic features', and finally on Kynix's cues. Carry out conversational analysis

, The positioning theory is taken. Two important discourse analysts Bakhtin and Althusser's ideas are included to present the interactive analysis.

As the author has presented the address' as a word which was introduced by Bakhtin in connection with pronunciation. The Bakhtin idea of a series of utterances is combined with the terms already introduced.

According to  Terry, these words focused on the relationship between texts, while Ensign focused on the individual user as an 'agent'. Althusser essays ideology and ideological state evaluation "is cited to talk about a focus on ideology. Althusser, to cite rheology or works in such a way that it recruits subjects among individuals ... And transforms individuals into subjects. " (2005pg): 75). Which he called "interpolation".

In addition, Fairclough and Gee's proposed ideas for carrying out CCA (Critical Convergence Analysis) have been followed and interview data taken from the National Education Monitoring Project in this regard. A painting was given to a child to explain. During the process of interpreting and describing that painting, that child's linguistic expressions, utterances, reactions served as a model for this CCA analysis of prosecution, linguistics, and accusative characteristics, ultimately focusing on the socio-social aspects of the language. did.

According to the researcher's point of view, Locke has not talked about the theory of the situation in as much capacity as it needs to. In addition, the CDA's conceptual perspective linking theory and practice to the English language learning landscape is included.

4. Conclusion:

After discussing the pros and cons of this book Critical Discussion Analysis "it can be argued that it is one of the most important books in the CDO. Throughout the book, basic key words such as address, dialogism (Bakhtin) Signatures, reference configurations, (holiday), interactivity, ensign are introduced efficiently. Structurally, there is no loose end, but the flow of ideas and coherent and coherent relationships. Can be traced in the presentation of ideology and theory Terry Locke's style is evaluative, analytical and logical, detailed and descriptive.

5. References:

References Locke, Terry (2005) Critical Discourse Analysis. Brijbasi Art Press Ltd,Noida, UP, India.